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Abstract
Satva Pariksha means examination of mind. It include examination of mind status, mind strength, mental
endurance and analysis of weak and strong mind in the patients. In a disease found frequently in the
clinics presenting the symptoms of anxiety, tension, fear, insomnia, poor memory and depressed mood etc.
This features in some extent correlates the symptomatology of Depression. In the treatise of Ayurveda
during description of pathogenesis of Grahani roga, it is mentioned that dysfunction of grahani nadi is the
main causative factor for origin of the disease. Satva Pariksha will be done in those selected cases, who
are satisfying the subjective and objective criteria of Vataja Grahani. A total of 90 patients treated at OPD
and IPD Level from 2022-24 for restoration of their health. On the basis of scoring of Satva (Psyche)
under Qualities of Satva Sara Purusa, the result obtained as above i.e., SD ± 2.45, SE ± 0.447,‘t’ = 15.21
which shows ‘p’ value 0.001. It has been evaluated that Satva indicates mental strength of an individual.
Person with Pravara satva can tolerate serious diseased condition without much difficulty. As a result
there are three groups of people based on how well, mediocrely, or poorly they can use their mental skills.
Superior type mental faculties are characterized by the following traits:- excellent memory, devotion,
gratitude, wisdom, purity, excessive enthusiasm, skill, courage, valour, fighting, absence of sorrow, proper
gait, depth of wisdom, sincerity in actions, and virtuous deeds are among the traits of individuals with
superior type mental faculties.
Key words: Vataja-Grahani, Manasa sadanam, Satva pariksha.
P
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH
Corresponding author: Dr.Arvind Kumar Gupta
Article Info: Published on : 15/07/2025
Impact Factor : 1.013
Cross-Sectional Study: Assessment Of Manasa Sadanam By Satva Pariksha
Among Population Suffering From Vataja-Grahani Attending O.P.D At Kolkata
Dr.Arvind Kumar Gupta
1
, Dr. Apala Sengupta
2
1
Senior Ayurvedic Medical Officer, Department of Health & Family Welfare, Government of West Bengal.
2
Proffessor, Department of Rog Nidan & Vikriti Vigyan, I.P.G.A.E & R at S.V.S., Kolkata-9
Cite this article as: - Dr.Arvind Kumar Gupta (2025) ; Cross-sectional study: Assessment of Manasa sadanam by Satva pariksha
among population suffering from Vataja-Grahani attending O.P.D at Kolkata;Inter.J.Dignostics and Research 2 (4) 61-71, DOI :
1 0 . 5 2 8 1 / z e n o d o . 1 6 0 3 2 2 4 3
G
A
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Introduction:
Manasa sadanam is a characteristic of Vataja
Grahani that has been referenced in the classics of
Ayurveda. The transformation of physical illnesses
into psychological ones and vice versa is seen in
the Ayurvedic treatise
[1]
. Satva Pariksha
[2]
will
confirm the degree of Manas-sadanam in the
chosen patients. In the recent era, the term Manasa
sadanam is classified as depression and anxiety.
Incidence of anxiety and depression in irritable
bowel syndrome is reported by some authority. It
had been reported that among the patients at O.P.D
and I.P.D Level, Prevalence of Anxiety was 44 %
and depression was 84 %.. A drug combating
disease will be given along with a Medhya
Rasayan. Hence, the study will be framed in a
group. A routine counselling will be done in a
group. To describe the appraisal in Chikitsa and the
concept of Satva Pariksha, as well as to ascertain
the frequency of patients Aaswasana
[3]
, i.e.,
assurance will be given on a regular basis.
These are the ideas behind Grahani Dosha,
Grahani Roga and Grahani Gada:
While describing the ailment as Grahani gada,
Acharya Caraka used the name Grahani dosa in
the chapter's nomenclature. Acharya Chakrapani
explains the particular rationale behind this kind of
description
[4]
. The term “Grahani dosa” implies
the malfunctioning of agni. The agni is primarily
located in the grahani. In the title of the chapter, no
distinction is made between the ‘aashraya’ (the
substratum i.e. Grahani) & ‘aashrayee’ (the
substance i.e. Agni). Thus ‘Agnidosa’ is implied by
the term ‘Grahani dosa’; though in a secondary
sense; Grahani dosa initiates Grahani Roga.
Acharya Caraka described; the way of formation of
Grahani roga. Durbala Agni brings about vidaha
(a part of which is digested the other part remaining
without digestion) of aahar; which moves upwards
& downwards in gastro-intestinal tract. Grahani-
gada is the circumstance when the aahara rasa
goes downward with the pakva (digested food) and
apakva (undigested food)
[5]
.
The idea behind Manasa-sadanam :
In relation to Vataja Grahani, the term "Manasa
sadanam" is referenced in the Charak Samhita
[6]
.
According to Vijaya Rakshit
[7]
, "Mansa sadanam"
is defined as "Avasada," an aberrant mental state
that has recently been related to the symptoms of
mental depression. Hence in chronic case of Vataja
Grahani along with somatic disorders also the
psychological condition get disturbed. Ava-sāda,
as, m. sinking (as of a chair), Susr.; the growing
faint (as of a sound),ib.; failing, ex- Chaustion,
fatigue, lassitude, ib.; defeat, Malav.; want of
energy or spirit (especially as proceeding from
doubtful or unsuccessful love), L.; (in law) badness
of a cause, L.; end, termination, L.; (cf. nir-av.)
[8]
.
Mind is a factor for receiving happiness and
sadness in an individual. The word sadan suggests
"Avasada"
[9]
meaning the clinical manifestation of
depression. This hridaya is also connected with
dasha mahamula dhamani through which the
doshas pervade the heart. Hence, there is exchange
of mind & dosha. The mind is affected when
doshas become excessively vitiated, and vice versa
[10]
.
Methodology: In the present study the patients of
Vataja grahani will be selected following the
subjective criteria of Vataja Grahani. Those
selected patients will be subjected for pathological
examination of Stool i.e.; R/E and M/E of stool.
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The selected patients of Vataja Grahani with
altered stool will be interogated for Manasa
sadanam with some specific questionnaires. Satva
Pariksha will be done in those selected cases.
Patients those who are satisfying the subjective and
objective criteria of Vataja Grahani and Manasa
sadanam.
Inclusion criteria:-
i. Subjects of either sex between 12 – 60 Years
of age.
ii. Presence of cardinal sign and symptoms of
Vatajagrahani with Manassadanam.
iii. Patients presenting altered L.F.T, Sr. Amylase,
Sr. Lipase.
iv. Patients presenting altered R/E & M/E of stool.
v. Patient satisfying the minimum criteria of
HAM-A & HAM-D.
vi. Willingness to give written consent to
participate in the study.
vii. Patients those who are not receiving any other
therapies except research medicine.
Exclusion criteria:-
i. Any malignant condition regarding colon
disease.
ii. Any systemic failure like Renal failure,
Hepatic failure etc.
iii. Any tubercular condition of colon.
iv. Tropical pancreatitis or any pancreatic
disease.
v. Pregnancy
vi. Co-existing chronic diseases.
vii. Any other treatment related to this disease.
Manasa sadanam sequences psychological
parameter in Vataja Grahani:
Patients with Vataja Grahani exhibit "Avasada" as
evidenced by the very remark of Caraka Samhita in
"Mansa-sadanam"
[11]
. According to different
Acharyas, the following different causative factors
of Avasada in Vataja Grahani is mentioned as
follows:-
1. According to the Charaka Samhita,
Prajnaparadha, Parinama, and
Asatmedriyaartha Samyoga are thought to be
the general causes of all illnesses
[12]
. Among
these etiological triad Prajnaparadha is very
specific in the causation of “Avasada” in Vataja
grahani patient.
2. According to Maharsi Charaka; vitiation of
manasika dosas viz Raja dosa and Tamo dosa.
3. According to Maharsi Charak, the causes of
Manovikara are the acquisition of undesirable
items and the loss or non-acquisition of desired
ones
[13]
.
4. According to Maharsi Susrutha, the causes of
Mano-vikara are Manobhavas, which include
Krodha, Soka, Bhaya, Harsa, Visada, and
Irshya among others
[14]
.
5. Besides above causes According to Maharisi
Charaka, Avar Satwa (weak psyche) has also
been recognised as a necessary predisposing
factor for the manifestation of Avasada in
vataja grahani patients.
Being associated with the soul, the mind, or satva
governs the body. They are classified as
exceptional (Pravara), mediocre (Madhyama), or
inferior (Avara) based on their level of strength.
They are vulnerable to ego, delusion, fear, sadness,
and greed. They disintegrate even when stones
depict scenes of rage, fear, hostility, terror, and
ugliness, or when they depict images of human or
animal flesh or blood
[15]
. People who possess
"Avar Satva" are impacted by Manovikara
[16]
, or
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"Avasada" in Vataja Grahani. In other
words,persons with high rajas and tamas and Avar
satva, if comes in contact with the causes of Raja &
Tama became sufferer and this leads to recollection
of fearful and negative or disturbing memories
along with false perceptions, wrong recognition,
failure to restrain from negative memories and
thoughts. When the consequences of Manasa
sadanam occurs in the patient of Vataja Grahani;
then it should be assumed that the Vataja Grahani
Roga is along with Avasada. In both the disease,
the main responsible factor for initiation of
pathogenesis is Agnimandya. The srota towards the
various directions of the system containing the
Rasadi dhatus gradually get obstructed with the
ama. According to Maharsi Charak; Hrdaya is a
seat of rasa, vatadi, satvas, buddhi, indriya, atma
and ojus also emphasize that the seat of
‘Antaramana’ is Hridaya. According to Maharsi
Charak, Hrdaya is home to Dasa Mahamoola
dhamanis, Prana, Apana, Mana, Buddhi, Chetana,
and Mahabhutani in the context of Trimarmiya
[17]
.
Figure No. 1:- Schematic Presentation of Manas-sadanam
in Vataja Grahani
Vata Prakopaka Nidana
Rasa dhatu dusti
Schematic Presentation of Manas-sadanam in Vataja Grahani:-
In absence of Agni, the ingested food get
digested for prolong time
Saririka dosa Vataja produces VatajaGrahani
Srotaavarodha within Rasa aasaya, as Hridaya is the site of rasa dhatu and mind
Samkhobha within Hridaya
Aggravated vata dosa along with Raja and Tama i.e.;
Manasika Dosa causes exchange of mind and dosa
occurs , leads to effects the mind and vice-versa
Mano-vahasrotavaigunya
By the process of Shuktapaka, the ingested food
became acidic in nature, being get stagnant
Prasara
Vidagdhaaahara(Kinchit Pakwa &Kinchit Apakwa)
Sthanasa-
msraya
Manasika Nidan
Aggravation of Vayu(especially
Prana vayu; causes Mnadagniby
the process of Avarana.
Aggravation of Raja
Aggravation of Raja
Aggravation of Tama
Aam utpati
Prakopa
Vayu along with Raja and Tama moves through Manovaha
Manasika dosa Raja and Tama
produces Manas-sadanam
Vatajagrahani along with Manas-sadanam
Vyakti
Bheda
Avar / Madhya Satva Purusha
Caya
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65
Satva Pariksha
[18]
:-
1. Smriti (Memory) :
(Question). In the recent past, recognition of any
events ?
Was well memorised – (Pravara Satva)
Could be memorised with some support from
the family and/or friends – (Madhyama Satva)
Poor memory – (Avara Satva)
2. Bhakti (Devotion)
(Question). How satisfied are you with capacity
for work?
Very satisfied– (Pravara Satva)
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied – (Madhyama
Satva)
Very dissatisfied – (Avara Satva)
3. Krtajna (Gratefulness)
(Question). How satisfied are you with the
support you get from your friends or, with your
access to health services or, with your personal
relationships?
Very Satisfied– (Pravara Satva)
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied – (Madhyama
Satva)
Very dissatisfied – (Avara Satva)
4. Prajna (Intelligence)
(Question). How satisfied are you with your
ability of judgement capacity towards right or
wrong work ?
Very Satisfied– (Pravara Satva)
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied – (Madhyama
Satva)
Very dissatisfied – (Avara Satva)
5. Suci (Hygiene)
(Question). How satisfied are you with your
ability to perform daily living activities like
bathing, wearing clothes, brushing, combing etc.
?
Very Satisfied– (Pravara Satva)
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied – (Madhyama
Satva)
Very dissatisfied – (Avara Satva)
6. Utsaha (Enthusiasm)
(Question). How much do you enjoy life?
An extreme amount– (Pravara Satva)
A moderate amount – (Madhyama Satva)
Not at all – (Avara Satva)
7. Daksha (Skill)
(Question). How satisfied are you with your
ability to perform work?
Very Satisfied– (Pravara Satva)
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied– (Madhyama
Satva)
Very dissatisfied – (Avara Satva)
8. Dhira (Patience)
(Question). Are you hopeful about your future?
Always– (Pravara Satva)
Sometimes – (Madhyama Satva)
Never – (Avara Satva)
9.Vikrama
(Valour)
(Question). How often do you have negative
feelings such as blue mood, despair, anxiety and
depression?
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Quiet Never– (Pravara Satva)
often – (Madhyama Satva)
Always – (Avara Satva)
10. Tayakta Visada (Sorrow Tolerance Capacity)
(Question ). In the recent past, any event of
crisis like
Loss of family member/close friend.
Loss of money/loss in business.
Severe deterioration in health of self or a
loved one.
How satisfied are you with your sorrow
tolerance capacity?
Was well tolerated – (Pravara Satva)
Could be tolerated with some support from the
family and/or friends – (Madhyama Satva)
Was inconsolable – (Avara Satva)
11. Gati (Mobility)
(Question). Can you walk 100 yards?
Fast without stopping – (Pravara Satva)
Only with help – (Madhyama Satva)
Impossible – (Avara Satva)
12. Gambhir Buddhi (Depth Of Wisdom )
(Question ). Are you in good spirits most of the
day?
Always – (Pravara Satva)
Sometimes – (Madhyama Satva)
Never – (Avara Satva)
13. Chesta Yukta (Sincerity)
(Question). How satisfied are you with your
Capacity for work?
Very satisfied – (Pravara Satva)
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied–(Madhyama
Satva)
Very dissatisfied – (Avara Satva)
14. Kalyana Abhinivista (Virtuous Act)
during the last 3 months?
Once a week or more – (Pravara Satva)
Less than once a month – (Madhyama Satva)
Never – (Avara Satva)
(Question ). How often did you participate in
social activities like charity, social gatherings etc.
15.Vedna Sahisnuta (Pain Intolerance)
(Question ). To what extent do you feel that
physical pain prevents you from doing what you
need to do?
Not at all – (Pravara Satva)
A moderate amount – (Madhyama Satva)
An extreme amount – (Avara Satva)
Assessment of satva/psyche :-
To assess the psychological status grading of
above questionnaires, on the basis of follwing
scoring by sum the score from the first 15 items as
score 0 for Pravara Satva, score 1 for Madhya
Satva and score 2 for Avara Satva; range of total
score of satva are as written below :-
Pravara Satva
[19]
= 0 - 6
Madhyama Satva
[20]
= 7 - 22
Avara Satva
[21]
> 22
Importance :- According to Acharya Charaka, by
observing the body of diseased person a physician
may confuse as because some people having a
small sized and emaciated body are seen to be
strong. They are like ants who have a small body
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67
and look emaciated but can carry a too much heavy
load
[22]
.
Table No. 1:- Shows the Satva Pariksha Score of
90 patients of Vataja Grahani.
Sl.
No.
Satva
Pariksha
Score
No. of
patients
Percentage
(%)
1.
0 – 6
(Pravara
Satva)
03
3.32%
2.
7 – 22
(Madhya
Satva)
75
83.34%
3.
> 22 (Avara
Satva)
12
13.34%
Table No. 1: Shows that the assessment of
psychological status i.e.; mind strength, mental
endurance and analysis of weak and strong mind
was found in the range of 83.34% patients suffering
from mediocre psyche symptoms i.e.; Madhya satva,
13.32% patients suffering from inferior psyche
symptoms i.e.; Avara satva and 3.32% patients.
Psychiatric co morbidity: Psychiatric disorders,
such as anxiety disorders, depression are more
common in patients with IBS; even mildly
symptomatic patients. However, stress plays an
important role in exacerbating IBS symptoms in
IBS patients. In depression; the Hypothalamic-
pituitary adrenal axis is hyperactive, as evidenced
by a non-suppressed response to the dexamethasone
suppressor test. Major depressive disorder is
characterized by one or more episodes of idiopathic
major depressive syndromes such as Depressed
mood, Irritability, Anxiety, Loss of interest or
pleasure, Worthlessness, Guilt, Hopelessness,
Helplessness, Thought of suicide, Change in
appetite or weight, Change in sleep, Decreased
libido, Trouble concentrating, Diurnal variation,
Ruminative thinking, Somatoform symptoms,
Psychotic symptoms. Many be of the anxiety
disorders may be understood as inappropriate
triggering of the stress response system, which is
commonly referred to the “Fight or Fright’’
response
[23]
.
Graph No. 1: Shows the psychological status i.e., mind
strength, mental endurance, and analysis of weak and
strong mind symptoms in 90 patients of Vataja Grahani.
Figure No. 1:- The gut-brain axis. The vagus nerve provides a
link between the gut and the brain. This connection involves the
ENS, the CNS, the gut wall at the periphery, and the HPA axis.
Alterations in the gut microbiota can influence mood, behavior,
stress, anxiety, and neurotransmitters. Imbalance of the gut
microbiota affects the signals sent by the gut to the brain,
resulting in alterations in secretion, motility, nutrient delivery,
microbial balance, and immune function. Together, these
disruptions contribute to IBS symptoms. ENS, enteric nervous
system; CNS, central nervous system; HPA, hypothalamo-
pituitary-adrenal; IBS, irritable bowel syndrome.
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68
Effect Of Drug By Assessment Of Satva /
Psyche: - Paired’ test is done in individually to assess
the therapeutic efficacy of the drugs. Before treatment
(BT) and After treatment (AT) results of Satva/Psyche
by assessment of the psychological status grading of
Qualities of Satva Sara Purusa.
Table No. 2: Shows BT & AT results (Paired ‘t’
test) of Satva (Psyche) are taken as assessment
criteria and the result of the same are computed
as below of patients of Vataja Grahani: -
Sl.
N
o.
Satva
Pariks
ha
Mean
Score
S.
D.
S.E.
M
‘t’-
Val
ue
‘P’-
Valu
e
B
T
A
T
1.
Satva
Bala
39
1
18
8
2.4
5
0.44
7
15.2
1
<0.0
01
The above table shows that after computation of
paired ‘t’ test in the sample of Group A that is
experimental Group. On the basis of scoring of
Satva (Psyche) under Qualities of Satva Sara
Purusa, the result obtained as above i.e., SD ± 2.45,
SE ± 0.447,‘t’ = 15.21 which shows ‘p’ value
0.001. This obtained result reveals that obtained
result is highly significant. Hence, it could be
interpreted that Drug used is very much significant
in the sample after comparing with the P value
chart
[24]
.
Effect Of Drug On Satva/Psyche:
Drug effect was evaluated by the percentage relief
of Satva/Psyche mentioned under Lakshan of Satva
Sara Purusha before and after treatment.
Table No. 3: Shows the effect of Drug which
revealed that 92.83% curability was achieved in
Pravara Satva Patients, 77.49% curability was
achieved in Madhyam Satva and 51.92%
curability was achieved in Avara Satva Patients
in Vataja Grahani.
Sl.
No.
Types of
Satva
BT
(%)
AT (%)
Curability
(%)
1.
Pravar
Satva
100%
7.23%
92.83%
2.
Madhya
Satva
100%
22.51%
77.49%
3.
Avara
Satva
100%
48.08%
51.92%
Graph No. 1: Shows the psychological status i.e., mind
strength, mental endurance, and analysis of weak and
strong mind symptoms in 90 patients of Vataja Grahani.
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Results: A total of 90 patients treated at OPD and
IPD Level from 2022-24 for restoration of their
health. On the basis of scoring of Satva (Psyche)
under Qualities of Satva Sara Purusa, the result
obtained as above i.e., SD ± 2.45, SE ± 0.447,‘t’ =
15.21 which shows ‘p’ value 0.001. This obtained
result reveals that obtained result is highly
significant. Hence, it could be interpreted that drug
is very much significant in the taken sample after
comparing with the P value chart.
Discussion:
Shows the effect of Drug which revealed that 92.83
% curability was achieved in Pravara Satva
Patients 77.49 % curability was achieved in
Madhyam Satva and 51.92 % curability was
achieved in Avara Satva Patients in Vataja
Grahani. Previously, it has been mentioned that
Satva indicates mental strength of an individual.
Person with Pravara satva can tolerate serious
diseased condition without much difficulty.
Acknowledgements:
I would like to express my deepest gratitude
towards my mentor and principle guide Dr.Apala
Sengupta, Professor and HOD, Department of Roga
Nidāna Avum Vikṛti Vijñāna, at the I.P.G.A.E. & R
at S.V.S.P. Hospital, Kolkata. It was a matter of
great privilege to work and study under her
exceptional guidance, supervision and persistent
help for even the smallest of the nuisance at work.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH [ISSN No.: 2584-2757]
Volume : 02
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10. Acharya Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji; Carak
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11. Acharya Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji; Carak
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Chaukhamba Prakashan; Edition : Reprint,
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13. Acharya Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji; Carak
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Chaukhamba Prakashan; Edition : Reprint,
2013, Sutra sthan, Chapter - 1/57 , Page- 16.
14. Acharya Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji; Carak
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2013, Chikitsasthan, Chapter - 9/85-86 , Page
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Varanasi: Chaukhamba Prakashan; Edition :
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16. Acharya Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji; Carak
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Varanasi: Chaukhamba Prakashan; Edition :
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17. Acharya Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji; Carak
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Issue : 04
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH [ISSN No.: 2584-2757]
Volume : 02
Copyright @ : - Dr.Arvind Kumar Gupta Inter. J.Digno. and Research IJDRMSID00050 |ISSN :2584-2757
71
Varanasi: Chaukhamba Prakashan; Edition :
Reprint, 2013, Sutrasthan, Chapter - 30/3-8 ,
Page- 183- 185.
18. Acharya Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji; Carak
Samhita by Agnivesa revised by Carak &
Drirabala with the Ayurveda Dipika
Commentary of Chakrapani Dutta:
Varanasi: Chaukhamba Prakashan; Edition :
Reprint, 2018, Vimana sthana, Chapter -
8/110 , Page- 278.
19. Acharya Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji; Carak
Samhita by Agnivesa revised by Carak &
Drirabala with the Ayurveda Dipika
Commentary of Chakrapani Dutta:
Varanasi: Chaukhamba Prakashan; Edition :
Reprint, 2018, Vimana sthana, Chapter -
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20. Acharya Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji; Carak
Samhita by Agnivesa revised by Carak &
Drirabala with the Ayurveda Dipika
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Varanasi: Chaukhamba Prakashan; Edition :
Reprint, 2018, Vimana sthana, Chapter -
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21. Acharya Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji; Carak
Samhita by Agnivesa revised by Carak &
Drirabala with the Ayurveda Dipika
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Varanasi: Chaukhamba Prakashan; Edition :
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22. Acharya Vaidya Jadavji Trikamji; Carak
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Drirabala with the Ayurveda Dipika
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Varanasi: Chaukhamba Prakashan; Edition :
Reprint, 2018, Vimana sthana, Chapter -
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23. Lee Gold Man, Andrew L. Schafer; Gold
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ISSN: 2584-2757
DOI : 1 0 . 5 2 8 1 / z e n o d o . 1 6 0 3 2 2 4 3
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